In the heart of Funchal, Madeira, the Church of Saint John the Evangelist, also known as Igreja do Colégio dos Jesuítas, stands as a beacon of historical and architectural grandeur.
This magnificent structure, built in the 17th century by the Society of Jesus, is a prime example of the transition from Mannerist to Baroque architecture, showcasing the opulence and intricate artistry of the period.
Architectural Beauty
The Igreja do Colégio dos Jesuítas is renowned for its Latin cross plan, a hallmark of religious architecture. The church features a single nave and a chancel that is profusely decorated with gilded wood, valuable 17th and 18th-century altarpieces, and stunning blue and white tile panels from the 17th century that line the walls of the sacristy. The altar of the chapel of the Eleven Thousand Virgins is particularly noteworthy, adorned with intricate carvings and gilded details that reflect the Baroque style’s emphasis on drama and grandeur.
The exterior of the church, while more subdued than its interior, still commands attention with its robust and symmetrical design, typical of colonial architecture. This style often combines elements from the colonists’ country of origin with local characteristics suited to the new climate and environment. The Igreja do Colégio dos Jesuítas exemplifies this blend, with its solid, geometric shapes and minimalistic ornamentation on the outside, contrasting with the lavish interior decorations.
Historical Significance
The history of the Igreja do Colégio dos Jesuítas is as rich as its architecture. Founded by royal charter of King Sebastian in 1569, the Jesuit College of Funchal played a pivotal role in the religious and educational life of Madeira for centuries. The church itself was constructed in the 17th century, marking a significant period in the island’s history as it transitioned from Mannerism to the more elaborate Baroque style.
Throughout its history, the church has served various purposes. It was the largest structure in Funchal until the 19th century and has housed numerous tenants, including British invaders and the University of Madeira. Today, it remains a vital part of the community, reflecting the island’s rich cultural and religious heritage.
Colonial Style Explained
While the Igreja do Colégio dos Jesuítas may appear to be a typical colonial building, its style is more nuanced. Colonial architecture is a hybrid style that combines elements from the colonists’ homeland with local adaptations. In the case of this church, the robust, symmetrical exterior and the use of local materials are characteristic of colonial architecture. However, the interior’s Baroque elements, such as the gilded woodwork and elaborate altarpieces, highlight the influence of European artistic trends of the time.
#Madeira #Funchal #BaroqueArt #ColonialArchitecture #HistoricChurches
